Radiations

Basics:

We have radiations all around us. We have radiations in form of light (visible), ultraviolet light (UV), microwaves, radio waves, infrared light, and even ionizing radiations (ions are charged particles or atoms). The most common ionizing radiation is x-ray. Some others are alpha rays, beta rays, and the gamma rays which are emitted by radioactive materials. We have all these radiations in everyday life as well. They are commonly called as background radiations and include UV rays from the sun, infrared light from heating lamps, naturally radioactive materials commonly found in rocks and soil. Because of today's technological development, we are exposed to some ionizing radiations from equipments we use, such as color TV. We are also exposed to x-rays during medical tests and radiotherapy. They are below the danger level anyway.

What are the damages ionizing radiations can cause if exposure is too high?

• May damage our DNA causing irreversible damages (called mutations).
• May cause the disruption of the normal chemical structure of the body cells either killing them or making them physiologically different (such as in cancer).

Radiations used in medical practice and diagnosis:

X-rays used for medical diagnosis, or diagnosis using radioactive material, radiotherapy in cancer are all done within the permitted level of dosage. Also, with improvement in technology, exposures have been reduced to a minimum. Even in case of radiotherapy, the damage is generally very small and often self healing. There should not be any fear with exposure during medical examinations or medical therapy.

Exposures to higher levels:

Radiation workers and other research facilities require the handling of very high levels of radiations. For them there are proper guidelines and safety measures to protect themselves from unnecessary exposure. There is no danger if proper safety measures are adhered to. Also radiation workers are given radiation badges that keep constantly monitoring the exposure level.

Note:

Please be responsible when handling radioactive materials. It is for your own safety and other's safety as well.

Compiled by: Indrajit Sinha; Last updated: 19.11.07 © Medhospital Foundation

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